Tri-Level Scheduling Model Considering Residential Demand Flexibility of Aggregated HVACs and EVs Under Distribution LMP

Residential loads, especially heating, ventilation and air conditioners (HVACs) electric vehicles (EVs), have great potentials to provide demand flexibility which is an attribute of grid-interactive efficient buildings (GEB). Under this new paradigm, EV HVAC aggregator models are first developed in paper represent the fleet GEBs, aggregated parameters obtained based on a approach data generation least squares parameter estimation (DG-LSPE), can deal with heterogeneous HVACs. Then, tri-level bidding dispatching framework established competitive distribution operation locational marginal price (DLMP). The two levels form bilevel model optimize aggregators' payment interdependency between load aggregators system operator (DSO) using DLMP, third level dispatch optimal aggregation all residents by proposed priority list-based algorithm. Finally, case studies modified IEEE 33-Bus illustrate three main technical reasons reduction due flexibility: shifts, DLMP step changes, power losses. They be used as general guidelines for better decision-making future planning response programs.